From AI Literacy to Editorial Capability: Evaluating Source-Grounded Generative AI Training for Campus Journalism
Article Sidebar
Generative Artificial Intelligence,
NotebookLM,
Source-Grounded AI,
Student Press
Main Article Content
Gushevinalti
Novia Putri Raudah
Muhammad Satria Colossal Utama
Abstract
Background: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is increasingly used in journalism, but evidence is limited on whether source-grounded training can strengthen student press capability while preserving verification and editorial judgment.
Aims: To evaluate a hands-on NotebookLM training program for campus press representatives and assess immediate changes in knowledge, operational skills, concrete output production, quality, satisfaction, and implementation intentions.
Methods: A one-day, single-group pre–post program evaluation involved 50 students from HIMA media units and university-level student press organizations at Universitas Bengkulu. Aggregate pre–post percentages, percentage-point changes, normalized gains, participation indicators, product completion, quality ratings, satisfaction, and implementation intentions were analyzed descriptively.
Results: Mean knowledge-related indicator percentages increased from 47.0% to 88.4% (+41.4 percentage points), and operational skills increased from 23.0% to 88.4% (+65.4 points). All participants completed an editorial or research-oriented product; mean product quality was 4.33/5, satisfaction was 4.67/5, and 96% intended to use NotebookLM in routine research.
Conclusion: Higher immediate assessment indicators and complete product production were observed after training. Uncertain measurement properties, the single-group design, and absent follow-up preclude causal conclusions and evidence of sustained newsroom productivity.
Downloads
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2026 Gushevinalti, Novia Putri Raudah, Muhammad Satria Colossal Utama
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Asadi, S., & Sultana, T. (2026). Caught in the AI Current: J-School Educators’ Disruption, Adaptation and Future Readiness in the Global South Insights from Bangladesh. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator, 81(3), 247–268. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776958251407392
Baptista, J. P., Rivas-de-Roca, R., Ribeiro, F., & Battista, D. (2026). Shadows and Lights on Fact-Checking Research: Trends, Methodologies, and Empirical Approaches. Communication and Society, 39(1), 522–540. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.39.1.034
Brown, V., & Saurez, D. (2025). NotebookLM: Revolutionizing Learning for Students with Neurodivert Challenges using AI and Universal Design Principles. FDLA Journal. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/fdla-journal/vol9/iss1/22
Chung, A., Chon, M.-G., & Kinsey, D. F. (2026). Generative AI Through the Eyes of Aspiring PR Professionals in the United States: A Q-Methodology Study. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator, 81(2), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776958251382567
Cools, H., & Diakopoulos, N. (2026). Uses of Generative AI in the Newsroom: Mapping Journalists’ Perceptions of Perils and Possibilities. Journalism Practice, 20(3), 878–896. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2024.2394558
Cristòfol, F. J. (2026). Measuring the Micro-Level Impact of Generative AI on Science Journalists’ Professional Routines: A Methodological Model for Science Communication Contexts. Iberoamerican Journal of Science Measurement and Communication, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.47909/ijsmc.340
de Jong, A., & Dijkstra, A. M. (2026). Current Changes in the Relationship Between Scientists and Journalists. A Systematic Literature Review. Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, 46(2), 63–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676261452144
Dierickx, L., & van Dalen, A. (2026). Using It but Not Trusting It: Technology Acceptance and Generative AI in European Fact-Checking. Emerging Media, 4(2 Theme: Generative AI on Fact-checking and Media Reporting), 248–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/27523543261449974
Duymaz, Y. K., & Tekin, A. M. (2023). Harnessing Artificial Intelligence in Academic Writing: Potential, Ethics, and Responsible Use. European Journal of Therapeutics, 30(1), 87–88. https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1755
Elhosary, M. (2026). Pixels of Prejudice: Decoding Embedded Biases in AI-Generated News Imagery and Their Implications for Visual Journalism Toward an Algorithmic-Mediated Visual Framing. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 103(2), 430–461. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990251360690
Frenkel, S. J. (2026). New Technology and Work: AI and the Coming Struggle to Democratise Work Organisation. Sociology Compass, 20(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.70212
Galily, Y. (2026). The Next Frontier in Sports Media: Intelligent Automation, Generative Artificial Intelligence, and the Transformation of Audience Engagement. Emerging Media, 4(2 Theme: Generative AI on Fact-checking and Media Reporting), 233–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/27523543261446668
Guo, Q. (2026). How Generative Artificial Intelligence Influences the Creative Thinking of STEAM Learners in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2026.102336
Habib, S., & Gardiner, Z. (2026). Generative AI and Creative Self-Efficacy: A Systematic Review. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2026.102234
Hanh, K. M., Ming, O., & Vincent, M. (2026). Framing Artificial Intelligence Adoption in State-Controlled Media: An Analysis in Vietnamese Journalism. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.102425
Hendrickx, J., & Coppenolle, I. V. (2026). A Tool, a Threat, or Both? How Quality News Media Frame Generative AI. Emerging Media, 4(2 Theme: Generative AI on Fact-checking and Media Reporting), 292–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/27523543261422926
Heravi, B. (2026). AI-Mediated Storytelling in A Liquid Information Ecosystem. Journalism and Media, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia7020114
Lavich, M., & Ivanishvili, T. (2026). Trust Dynamics and Economic Implications of Generative AI Adoption in Digital Journalism. Journalism and Media, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia7020102
Jaakkola, M., & Wiik, J. (2025). No-Panic Pragmatism: Nordic Journalism Educators’ Preparedness to Teach Artificial Intelligence (AI) in 2024. Journalistica, 19(1), 198–224. https://doi.org/10.7146/journalistica.v19i1.151947
Ji, D., Ju, R., & Li, Z. (2026). The Intersection of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Media Art: Exploring New Frontiers of Creativity. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-026-07132-z
Kamińska, A. M., & Wyciślik, Ł. (2026). Towards Objective Abstracts and Keywords: The Helpful Hand of GenAI. Journal of Scholarly Publishing, 57(3), 470–491. https://doi.org/10.3138/jsp-2025-0029
Komala, R., & S. Noeswa, W. (2025). Protection of Student Press in Journalism: Student Press Jurnis.Id-UNIS, Tangerang Post-Collaboration Between the Press Council and the Directorate General of Higher Education. Jurnal Ranah Komunikasi (JRK), 9(2). https://doi.org/10.25077/rk.9.2.91-105.2025
Li, Y. (2026). The Impact of Automated Journalism on Media Bias, Accuracy, and Public Trust: Evidence from Young Chinese News Consumers. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-026-06612-6
Mekheimer, M., & Tohamy, G. (2026). AI Literacy Functions As Cultural Capital in Stratified Egyptian Schools. Discover Education, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-01695-4
Mendiguren Galdospin, T., Prados Rodríguez, R., Morales I Gras, J., & Ganzabal Learreta, M. (2026). Journalists and Well-Being on TikTok: A Comparison Between Spain and the UK. Index. Comunicacion, 16(2), 197–217. https://doi.org/10.62008/ixc/16/02Period
Mera-Fernández, M., Moreno-Gil, V., & Morata-Santos, M. (2026). AI-Generated Content in Spanish Media: Transparency, New Uses, and Defined Strategies. Journalism and Media, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia7020113
Moravec, V., Gavurova, B., & Rigelsky, M. (2026). New Reality of Public Service Media Journalists: How Generative AI Redefines Journalism and Work Practices. Telecommunications Policy, 50(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2026.103210
Ngu, I. Y., & Weller, D. (2026). From Classroom Design to Newsroom Practice: Designing Genai Assessment Intervention. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice. https://doi.org/10.53761/4281ht04
Pessianzadeh, A., Sultana, N., Van den Bulck, H., Gefen, D., Jabbari, S., & Rezapour, R. (2026). In Generative AI We (Dis) Trust? Computational Analysis of Trust and Distrust in Reddit Discussions. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 14, 1612–1638. https://doi.org/10.1162/TACL.a.744
Porlezza, C., Amigo, L., Eberwein, T., Juurik, M., Milosavljević, M., Parder, M.-L., Rathmann, M., & Rozgonyi, K. (2026). Tackling the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence for Public Communication: Governance and Accountability Discourses About the Responsible Use of AI. New Media and Society, 28(7), 2886–2911. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448261445061
Rahimian, S., & Hasanzadeh, M. (2026). Extraction and Analysis of Information Disorder Components in the Formation of Extra-Informationalism. International Journal of Knowledge Processing Studies, 6(1), 50–64. https://doi.org/10.22034/kps.2026.569161.1266
Reddy, P., Chaudhary, K., & Hussein, S. (2023). A Digital Literacy Model to Narrow the Digital Literacy Skills Gap. Heliyon, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14878
Rosman, A., Zakiah Prodi Jurnalistik, K., & Ilmu Komunikasi, F. (2021). Strategi Komunikasi Massa Lembaga Pers Mahasiswa. Prosiding Jurnalistik, 7. https://doi.org/10.29313/.v7i1.25659
Shi, S., Zhang, Y., Xu, X., Filieri, R., & Jia, R. (2026). Biased or Credible? Investigating Perceived Persuasiveness of AI-Generated Review Summaries in Online Travel Platforms. Tourism Management, 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2026.105446
Shor, R., Greene, E. A., Sumberg, L., & Weingrad, A. B. (2025). AI Tools in Academia: Evaluating NotebookLM as a Tool for Conducting Literature Reviews. Psychiatry (New York). https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2025.2541531
Silcock, B. W., Davie, W. R., & Guo, L. (2026). The Heart of the Interview: Al Tompkins on Teaching, Trust, and the Next Era of Broadcast Journalism Education. Journalism Education Trends and Techniques in Broadcast and Mobile Journalism, 20(2 Special Issue), 78–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/19312431261430063
Silva-Atencio, G. (2025). The Challenges and Opportunities for Ethics in Generative Artificial Intelligence in the Digital Age. DYNA (Colombia), 92(236). https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v92n236.117144
Stanton, R., & Johnson, M. R. (2026). “You Can’t Work for Somebody Who Doesn’t Exist”: the Decline of Games Journalism and the Rise of Independent Gaming News. Games and Culture, 21(4), 704–723. https://doi.org/10.1177/15554120241273332
Tozuka, R., Johno, H., Amakawa, A., Sato, J., Muto, M., Seki, S., Komaba, A., & Onishi, H. (2025). Application of NotebookLM, A Large Language Model with Retrieval-Augmented Generation, for Lung Cancer Staging. Japanese Journal of Radiology, 43(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-024-01705-1
Tufino, E. (2025). NotebookLM: An LLM with RAG for Active Learning and Collaborative Tutoring. arXiv, 2. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2504.09720
Weinbrand, S., Nagappa, A., & Angus, D. (2026). Framing the Future of Search: A discourse analysis of Google’s AI Overviews. Discourse and Communication, 20(4), 728–747. https://doi.org/10.1177/17504813261447684
Yeo, M. A., Moorhouse, B. L., & Wan, Y. (2025). From Academic Text to Talk-Show: Deepening Engagement and Understanding with Google NotebookLM. TESL-EJ, 28(4). https://doi.org/10.55593/ej.28112int