Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Guava Leaf Fractions of Psidium guajava (Guava) Cultivated in Idah, Nigeria
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Extracts,
Phytochemical Screening
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Imrana Lawan
Abubakar Isyaku Ismail
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava leaves. Psidium guajava (guava) belonging to the Myrtaceae family is an evergreen tree cultivated for its precious fruits and high biological properties. This research work was done to screen the phytochemical present and determine the antimicrobial properties of Psidium guajava leaf fractions. Ethanol solvent was used to extract the sample (using the cold maceration method), and the crude extract was further fractionated using n-hexane, acetone, and methanol solvents respectively. The screening of the phytochemicals (to test for alkaloids, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, and saponins) was done using the standard procedure, and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the plant was done using agar well diffusion method. The results showed that Psidium guajava leaf extracts contain all the phytochemicals tested, with an n-Hexane fraction containing Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins polyphenols, and steroids. The acetone fraction reveals Alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, polyphenols, and steroids, while the methanol fraction contains Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. The results also showed Psidium guajava's promising antimicrobial properties, with the n-hexane fraction showing the greatest antimicrobial activity. This research has confirmed the widespread traditional medicinal applications, which is most prevalent among people living in northern Nigeria.
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