Needs Analysis of Physics Learning Media Development Based on Augmented Reality Technology for High School Students

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A. Introduction
The emergence of the fourth industrial revolution has led to the utilization of intelligent engineering and the internet of things as conduits for human and machine mobility and communication.The Indonesian government is implementing several reforms in the areas of information technology, communication, and other areas in preparation for the very challenging Industrial Revolution 4.0.In the period of the fourth industrial revolution, education is crucial in educating future generations to meet the difficulties of progress (Sabaruddin, 2022).This century will bring about an educational revolution known as education 4.0, which calls for significant modifications to the way that people learn.The learning process in schools is highly required to engage this generation with digital media.Growing up with few siblings makes them like little kings and queens for their parents, thus giving the effect of becoming selfish individuals, difficult to compromise and work together in teams.The main thing in the learning process for this generation is how we can reduce their selfishness while building collaborative nature (Lukum, 2019).
It is impossible to discuss education quality without mentioning the classroom learning experience.Teachers and students are two crucial components of classroom learning.The role of teachers is to instruct, and pupils absorb knowledge.Teaching is the act of imparting knowledge to an individual or group of individuals with the hope that they would comprehend or know what the teacher is teaching them (Magdalena et al., 2021).As one of the primary foundations for the advancement of the country's future generation, the education sector must change with the times to ensure that it does not fall behind industrialized nations in terms of curriculum and educational technologies (Dito & Pujiastuti, 2021).
The findings of observations conducted at SMAN 7 Bengkulu City revealed that students find it challenging to comprehend course topics due to the underutilization of technology in the classroom.I also learned that the teaching resources still mostly consist of package books and LKS, with teachers using ppt and printed LKPD as their learning medium.Learning media are tools that may support the teaching and learning process in order to achieve the educational or learning objectives effectively and efficiently and to assist make the meaning of the information transmitted clearer (Rahmawati et al., 2017).According to Anwar, F., Pajarianto, H., Herlina, E., Raharjo, T. D., Fajriyah, L., Astuti, I. A. D., ... & Suseni (2022) learning media is a tool or material used with the intention that educational communication interactions between teachers and students can take place interactively in accordance with the planned objectives.The position of media in learning is very important and even parallel to learning methods, because learning methods usually demand what media can be integrated and adapted to the conditions at hand (Nurfadhillah et al., 2021).Learning media help to improve learning by facilitating communication between instructors and students, which makes learning activities more successful and efficient (Wulandari et al., 2023).
One must view the existence of technology as an attempt to improve efficacy and productivity.difficulties and technology go hand in hand since human difficulties were the driving force behind the creation of technology.This makes instructional technology a process as much as a product (Agustian & Salsabila, 2021).The use of media in learning aims to create an interactive learning atmosphere between teachers, students and the learning environment.Media is an "inanimate object" and will become "alive" requiring teacher intervention, starting from planning, selection and accuracy in operating the media so that it can contribute to learning (Budiyono, 2020).The authorities need to address the inequitable infrastructure that facilitates the use of ICT in education right now, since without it, this use of technology in the classroom would remain a pipe dream.Solving actions that are also necessary for the effective use of ICT in learning are necessary to get over these barriers (Sujono, 2020).
Augmented reality is one of the technologies that may be utilized as educational content.Technology known as augmented reality, or AR, offers fresh concepts as a tool to support learning.Through the integration of the Augmented Reality (AR) idea, which presents a visual picture on the user's smartphone.According to Nursakti (2022), Technology known as augmented reality (AR) blends real-time digital material produced by computers with the physical environment.Teachers may offer learning materials more effectively by incorporating Augmented Reality (AR) in instructional media (Adli et al., 2022).In Augmented Reality Technology (AR) there are 2 methods that are often used, namely: 1) Marker Based Tracking method, where in this method Augmented Reality (AR) Technology uses markers or object markers that have a pattern that will be read through webcame media or cameras connected to a computer, usually this marker is a black and white square illustration with thick black borders and a white background (Aldriyan & Amini, 2020).2) Markerless Augmented Reality method is a method that does not require special markers or markers for operation (Indriyani & Suryanto, 2021).
In the 2013 curriculum, the best learning media to use is IT-based learning media (Science Technology) as a learning resource.The learning media used by teaching staff in the 2013 curriculum currently does not fully use IT-based learning media.This was obtained from the results of interviews with teachers at SMAN 7 Bengkulu City.Due to the lack of use of technology as a learning medium in the learning process, learning is less interesting, so it is necessary to develop IT-based learning media in high schools.Along with technological developments, learning media must continue to innovate to create a good learning process.
Based on the results of observations at SMAN 7 Bengkulu City, it was found that the school had good wifi and internet facilities, and used the 2013 curriculum.The school also had laboratory facilities, a library and the learning media used were only PPT, printed LKPD and textbooks only.so that the learning media used is not optimal and is not in accordance with what is expected in the 2013 curriculum that has been implemented.

B. Research Methods
This research is a qualitative descriptive research.The descriptive method is a method of researching a group of people, an object, condition, system of thought or events in the present.The sample in this study was class XI students of SMA N 7 Bengkulu City.And the research objects are teachers and students majoring in MIPA at the school.The research was carried out at the beginning of the odd semester of the 2023/2024 academic year at SMAN 7, Bengkulu city.The research was conducted from July to August 2023.After that it is analyzed using the equation ( 1) Then it is entered into the score interpretation as in The research instruments used consisted of observation sheets, teacher interview sheets and student needs questionnaire sheets.

C. Result and Discussion
The results of observations at SMAN 7 Bengkulu City, it was found that the school had good wifi and internet facilities, and used the 2013 curriculum.The school also had laboratory facilities, a library and the learning media used were only PPT, printed LKPD and textbooks only.so that the learning media used is not optimal and is not in accordance with what is expected in the 2013 curriculum that has been implemented.
Results of the needs questionnaire analysis of the student needs questionnaire filled in by 99 students of class XI SMA N 7 Bengkulu City consisting of 36 students from class XI MIPA 3, 34 students from class can be seen in Table 3.And based on a limited trial with subjects of 20 students of the FMIPA UM science education study program, the media created was assessed as effective and efficient by administering an efficiency indicator questionnaire and obtained an average indicator of 87% and was said to be suitable for supporting learning.
The implementation of this research can be used as an analysis of media development needs that can be continued at the development stage, especially to develop physics learning media based on augmented reality.
In this research, the research sample was Mathematics and Natural Sciences students at SMA Negeri 7 Bengkulu City.There are several limitations, namely the insufficient number of respondents which can be an obstacle to conveying the true situation.The research results also depend on the respondent's ability to understand the statements in the questionnaire.Apart from that, limited time, energy and abilities of researchers can also affect the quality of research.Therefore, in order for research results to be more accurate, research needs to be developed with a larger number of respondents and better respondent abilities.

D. Conclusion
The use of augmented reality-based learning media is very much needed as supporting media in the learning process.

E. Acknowledgement
I would like to thank all of the SMA N 7 Kota Bengkulu school, including teachers, students and other staff who have given permission and helped carry out this research.

Table 1 .
Needs Analysis Likert Scale

Table 2 Table 2 .
Likert Scale Interpretation of Scores

Table 3 .
Affriyenni et al. (2020)ire ResultsThis research is supported by previous research byAffriyenni et al. (2020)entitled "Development of Physics Learning Media on Geometry Optical Material Based on Augmented Reality with Unity and Vuforia".The research results show that the Augmented Reality-based learning media created is suitable JENTIK ABDIGERMAS Needs Analysis of Physics Learning Media Development Based on Augmented Reality Technology for High School Students Based on expert validation with a percentage of 92% and is included in the valid (feasible) category.