Assessing the Risk of Hypertensive Nephropathy in the Elderly: A Critical Examination of a Silent Threat
Article Sidebar
Chronic Kidney Disease,
Elderlies,
Hypertension,
Urine Analysis
Main Article Content
Treesia Sujana
Widyadari Prasetyaningrum
Abstract
Background: Hypertension has been a prevalent condition among the elderly within the community, often receiving insufficient attention from those affected. Based on screening data, it was found that 52.63% of the 57 elderly people in Awiligar had blood pressure in the hypertension category. This high prevalence indicates that this population is at high risk for cardiovascular and kidney complications.
Objectives: This community service initiative seeks to facilitate the early detection of cardio-renal risk among the elderly population in Awiligar, Bandung Regency, in light of the high prevalence of hypertension and the potential for chronic kidney complications.
Methods: The method for implementing this community service activity consists of Health Screening and Health Education.
Result: The screening results revealed a high prevalence of hypertension, with 52.63% of participants exhibiting BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg. Urine laboratory findings indicated significant abnormalities, notably Proteinuria in 42.11% (24 individuals) and Hematuria in 21.05% (12 individuals). Furthermore, a high prevalence of metabolic risk indicators was observed. The elevated prevalence of proteinuria, in conjunction with the high incidence of hypertension, serves as a significant marker of early kidney damage within this population.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this initiative underscores the necessity for immediate medical follow-up and community-based health education interventions aimed at managing cardio-renal risk factors to prevent the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease.
Downloads
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2026 Treesia Sujana, Widyadari Prasetyaningrum
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Aashima, Nanda, M., Sharma, R., & Jani, C. (2022). The Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease in Asia, 1990–2019: Examination of Estimates from Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. Nephrology, 27(7), 610–620. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.14051
Afsharipoor, M., Sadat Mir Rashidi, F., Dehghan, F., Nikvarz, M., Raesi, R., Hushmandi, K., Naghibi, M., & Daneshi, S. (2025). Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Strains in Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets, 25. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265365721250908141000
Bandung Regency Health Office. (2025). Profil Kesehatan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bandung 2024 / Bandung Regency Health Profile 2024. https://kesehatan.bandungkab.go.id/page/statis/dokumenupload
BPS Statistic Indonesia Bandung Regency. (2024). Cimenyan Subdistrict in Numbers / Kecamatan Cimenyan dalam Angka.
Butt, M. D., Ong, S. C., Butt, F. Z., Sajjad, A., Rasool, M. F., Imran, I., Ahmad, T., Alqahtani, F., & Babar, Z. U. (2022). Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life, Medication Adherence, and Prevalence of Depression in Kidney Failure Patients. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215266
Chauhan, A., Sharma, A., Tomar, A., Gupta, A., Kiran, V., Ara, A., Thakur, A., & Bhatia, P. (2025). A Comprehensive Review on Urinary Tract Infections (UTIS): Etiology, Treatment, and Prevention. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(1), 27–30. https://doi.org/10.33545/26647168.2025.v7.i1a.92
D’Arrigo, G., Marino, C., Pizzini, P., Caridi, G., Marino, F., Parlongo, G., Pitino, A., Gori, M., Tripepi, G., Mallamaci, F., & Zoccali, C. (2025). Quality of life and kidney function in CKD patients: a longitudinal study. Clinical Kidney Journal, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfae429
De Bhailis, Á. M., & Kalra, P. A. (2022). Hypertension and the Kidneys. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 83(5), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2021.0440
Fatima, M., & Hasan, S. S. (2022). Quality of Life among patients at various stages of CKD. Pakistan Journal of Social Research, 04(04), 641–648. https://doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i04.878
Frank H. (2023). Exploring the Role of Urine Analysis in Early Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease. International Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 12(1), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.24432/C5G020
Heo, G. Y., Kim, H. W., Park, J. T., Yoo, T.-H., Kang, S.-W., & Han, S. H. (2024). Metabolic Risk Factors, Genetic Risk Score, and Risk of Incident CKD. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 35(10S). https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.20247y17jhxf
Hunter, P. G., Chapman, F. A., & Dhaun, N. (2021). Hypertension: Current Trends and Future Perspectives. in British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (Vol. 87, Number 10, pp. 3721–3736). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14825
Hussain, D., & Barnwal, J. (2025). Association Between Urinary Tract Infections and Anemia Among The Elderly in India: Insights From the Longitudinal Aging Study. PLOS Global Public Health, 5(6), e0004390. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0004390
Hustrini, N. M., Susalit, E., & Rotmans, J. I. (2022). Prevalence and Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease in Indonesia: An Analysis of the National Basic Health Survey 2018. Journal of Global Health, 12, 04074. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04074
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (HME). (2023). Global Burden of Disease 2023.
Jadoul, M., Aoun, M., & Masimango Imani, M. (2024). The Major Global Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease. The Lancet Global Health, 12(3), e342–e343. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00050-0
Javadi, A., Barani, F., Hassanpour, M., Faryabi, R., Goldani Moghaddam, F., & Rostamian, M. (2025). The Role of Health Locus of Control and Spiritual Well-Being on Elderlies’ Meaning of Life. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging, 37(2), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528030.2024.2437796
Kadar, K. S., Mulyana, A. S., Indargairi, I., & Jeremiah, R. D. (2023). Cultural-Based Diabetes Self-Care Management Education for People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Empowering Community Health Workers (Kaders) Program Evaluation. Indonesian Contemporary Nursing Journal (ICON Journal), 8(1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.20956/icon.v8i1.26055
Kader, M. A., Hasan, M. R., Ansary, E. A. F., & Afroz, F. (2026). Blood Pressure Control Status and Associated Target Organ Damage in Patients with Essential Hypertension. TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association, 39(1), 331–337. https://doi.org/10.70818/taj.v39i1.0692
Little, D. J., Jongs, N., Brinker, M., Gasparyan, S. B., Schloemer, P., & Heerspink, H. J. L. (2025). Contribution of the Glomerular Filtration Rate Slope to the Kidney Hierarchical Composite Endpoint. Kidney International, 107(6), 1104–1107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2025.03.011
Ma, J. E., Berkowitz, T. S. Z., Olsen, M. K., Smith, B., Lorenz, K. A., & Bowling, C. B. (2023). Phenotypes of Symptom, Function, and Medication Burden in Older Adults with Nondialysis Advanced Kidney Disease. Kidney360, 4(10), 1430–1436. https://doi.org/10.34067/KID.0000000000000241
Mailani, F., Huriani, E., Muthia, R., & Rahmiwati. (2023). Self-Management and Relating Factors among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Hemodialysis: An Indonesian Study. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 13(1), 109–120. https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v13i1.48708
Marwati, T. A., Kusmayanti, N. A., & Rosyidah, R. (2022). Quality of Life Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Indonesian Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis). Epidemiology and Society Health Review (ESHR), 4(2), 76–86. https://doi.org/10.26555/eshr.v4i2.5341
Mashuri, Y. A., Ng, N., & Santosa, A. (2022). Socioeconomic Disparities in the Burden of Hypertension Among Indonesian Adults - A Multilevel Analysis. Global Health Action, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2022.2129131
Mubarak, K. F., Razak, A., Arifin, M. A., Balqis, B., Kardi, M., Amqam, H., & Mallongi, A. (2024). Analysis of Implementation of the Prolanis-Diabetes Mellitus Chronic Disease Management Program in Majene Regency. Pharmacognosy Journal, 16(3), 644–649. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2024.16.101
Nagy, E., Tharwat, S., Elsayed, A. M., Shabaka, S. A. E., & Nassar, M. K. (2023). Anxiety and Depression in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: Prevalence and Their Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life. International Urology and Nephrology, 55(11), 2905–2914. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-023-03556-7
Nissa, E. A., & Sari, I. P. (2022). Metabolic Risk Factors with Stroke Among Indonesians. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 17(3), 389–397. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v17i3.28087
Patel, A., Mulkalwar, S., Bhide, H., David, S., Chitale, S., & Tilak, A. (2023). Uncontrolled Hypertension And Associated Factors Among Adult Hypertensive Patients. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results , 14(02), 1687–1695. https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2023.14.02.214
Pazos, P. de F. B., & Ferreira, A. P. (2022). Aspects of occupational aging according to elderly workers: old age, work, and worker health. Research, Society and Development, 11(10), e507111032960. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32960
Prastika, Y. D., & Siyam, N. (2021). Risk Factors for Quality of Life of Elderly People with Hypertension. IJPHN, 1(3), 407–419. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijphn.v1i3.47984
PudjiAstuti, D., Suryanti, S., & Satino, S. (2025). The Ability of the Elderly to Follow PROLANIS (Chronic Disease Management Program) Exercise Movements. Journal Keperawatan, 4(2), 132–139. https://doi.org/10.58774/jourkep.v4i2.118
Shukri, M., Mustofai, M. A., S, M. Y. M. A., & S, T. H. T. (2020). Burden, Quality of Life, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms Among Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients: The Role of Social Support. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 55(6), 397–407. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091217420913388
Sihombing JP, Nasution AT, & Sitanggang H. (2021). Quality of Life Of CKD Patients with Routine Hemodialysis in Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 10(1), 289–295. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.1.0170
Srinivas, V. (2021). Prevalence of Health Morbidity and Health Seeking Behavior Among Elderlies in Rural Kerala. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 8(7), 3517. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212612
Sudharsanan, N., & Geldsetzer, P. (2019). Impact of Coming Demographic Changes on the Number of Adults in Need of Care for Hypertension in Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, and South Africa: A Modeling Study. Hypertension, 73(4), 770–776. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.12337
Trenkmann, L., Ziegelasch, N., Dittrich, K., Willenberg, A., Kiess, W., & Vogel, M. (2025). Examining Commonly Used Equations for Estimating the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in A Healthy Cohort of Children and Adolescents. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6744772/v1
Tynan, S., Phelps, C., & Moro, C. (2026). Patient Education for Preventing Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (Utis): A Systematic Review. Patient Education and Counseling, 148, 109557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2026.109557
Wang, S., Gu, M., Zou, X., Liu, X., & Tao, Y. (2025). The Paradox of Care: Family Support and Its Complex Role in the Depression and Anxiety Comorbidity Among Older Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease. Psychogeriatrics, 25(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.70083
West Java Communication and Informatics Service. (2026). Open Data Jabar (West Java Open Data). https://opendata.jabarprov.go.id/id/dataset/jumlah-penderita-hipertensi-yang-mendapat-pelayanan-kesehatan-berdasarkan-kabupatenkota-di-jawa-barat
Wu, Y., Zhang, G., Hu, R., & Du, J. (2021). Risk of Target Organ Damage in Patients with Masked Hypertension versus Sustained Hypertension: A Meta-analysis. Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.15212/CVIA.2019.1261
Yulianti, Y., Tresnawan, T., Purnairawan, Y., & Oktavia, A. (2023). Identification Of Factors Affecting The Quality Of Life In Hypertension Patients.